Romania Capital Gains Tax Guide 2026

Overview — Capital Gains Taxation in Romania

Capital gains in Romania are taxed under the personal income tax (IIT) system at the flat 10% rate. The gain is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the acquisition price, adjusted for documented costs. Romania's CGT regime is relatively simple compared to other EU member states, with a flat rate and generous exemptions for long-term property holdings. ANAF (the tax authority) receives transaction reports from banks, brokers, and notaries, making compliance monitoring straightforward.

CGT on Shares and Securities — 10%

Capital gains from the sale of shares, bonds, and other securities are taxed at 10%. The gain is the difference between the sale proceeds and the acquisition cost, including brokerage fees and other transaction costs. Losses can be offset against gains from the same category within the same tax year and carried forward for up to 7 years. Gains from Romanian government bonds are generally exempt. Gains from the sale of shares held for more than one year do not benefit from any preferential rate — the same 10% applies regardless of holding period.

CGT on Property — 10% (with Exemptions)

Capital gains from the sale of immovable property are taxed at 10% with significant exemptions:

• Primary residence: Exempt from CGT if the owner has lived in the property for at least one year
• Properties held > 3 years: Exempt from CGT regardless of whether it was a primary residence
• Properties held ≤ 3 years: The gain is calculated as the difference between the sale price and the acquisition price (adjusted for documented improvement costs and inflation indexation), taxed at 10%
• Non-residents: A special 3% tax on the gross sale price applies to non-residents selling Romanian property (in lieu of the standard CGT)

CGT on Mutual Funds and ETFs

Gains from the redemption of mutual fund units and ETFs are taxed at 10%. Romanian-domiciled funds may have different tax treatment depending on the fund type — some funds are taxed at the fund level rather than the investor level. Foreign-domiciled funds are generally subject to CGT on disposal at the standard 10% rate. The cost basis is the acquisition price plus any reinvested distributions. Most Romanian fund managers provide annual tax statements to investors.

Reporting and Payment

Capital gains must be reported on the Declarația Unică (Unique Declaration) by 25 May of the following year. Banks and brokers in Romania generally report securities transactions to ANAF, but the taxpayer remains responsible for accurate reporting. The tax due must be paid by the same deadline. For property sales, the notary public reports the transaction to ANAF, and the tax is typically paid through the notary at the time of transfer.

FAQs

Are capital gains on cryptocurrency taxed in Romania?

Yes, gains from cryptocurrency transactions are treated as income from other sources and taxed at 10%. Crypto-to-crypto trades are taxable events. Crypto losses cannot be offset against other capital gains. The ANAF has issued guidelines treating cryptocurrency as a digital asset subject to tax.

How is the holding period calculated for property exemption?

The 3-year holding period is calculated from the date of acquisition (as recorded in the land book / Carte Funciară) to the date of sale (the signing of the sale deed). Gifts and inheritances reset the holding period to the date of the new owner's registration.

Can foreign tax credits offset Romanian capital gains tax?

Yes, if foreign capital gains are taxed in both Romania and the source country, Romania provides a foreign tax credit limited to the Romanian tax attributable to those gains. Romania's double tax treaties generally give the source country primary taxing rights on immovable property gains.

Disclaimer

This guide provides general information about Romanian capital gains tax for the 2026 tax year. Tax laws and rates may change. Always consult with a qualified Romanian tax advisor or ANAF directly for advice specific to your situation. InvestmentKit does not provide tax advice.