Business Structures in Syria

Syria offers several business entity types for local and foreign investors. This guide provides an overview of available structures, registration procedures, and ongoing compliance obligations.

Available Business Structures

Limited Liability Company (LLC)

The LLC is the most common business structure for small to medium-sized enterprises in Syria.

• Minimum Share Capital: As specified by law
• Shareholders: Minimum 2, maximum 25
• Liability: Limited to share capital
• Management: One or more managers

Joint Stock Company (JSC)

Suitable for larger enterprises and public offerings.

• Minimum Share Capital: Higher than LLC
• Shareholders: Minimum 3
• Board of Directors: Required
• Audit Requirements: Annual audit required

Branch of a Foreign Company

Foreign companies may establish a branch in Syria.

• Registration: Foreign company registration certificate required
• Local Agent: Must appoint a local agent
• Liability: Branch is not a separate legal entity

Sole Proprietorship

The simplest business structure for individual entrepreneurs.

• Registration: Simple registration with the commercial registry
• Liability: Unlimited personal liability
• Taxation: Income taxed at personal PIT rates

Registration Procedure

Company registration involves several steps with various government agencies. The process can be lengthy and requires assistance from a local lawyer.

Important Note

Business registration and operation in Syria is significantly affected by the ongoing conflict and sanctions. Professional legal advice is essential.