Canada Special Topics Guides
23 guides on Estate planning, cross-border, Quebec tax, debt relief, identity theft, and emerging taxes.
Canada Alternative Minimum Tax Guide (AMT, 20.5% Rate, $173,000 Exemption, 2023 Reforms)
the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) in Canada — the 2023 Budget AMT reforms (effective January 1, 2024), the AMT rate of 20.5% (federal, increased from 15%), the AMT exemption of $173,000 (the 'basic AMT exemption'), the AMT inclusive rate of 80% (the 'capital gains and the donations' — the 'AMT inclusion rates'), the AMT adjustment for the donations (the '30% inclusion for the charitable donations'), the AMT adjustment for the capital gains (the '80% inclusion of the capital gains'), the AMT adjustment for the interest and the dividends (the 'full inclusion'), the AMT carry-forward (the '7-year carry-forward of the AMT paid in excess of the regular tax'), the provincial AMT (the 'Ontario AMT at the 20.5% rate, the BC AMT at the 20.5% rate, the Quebec AMT at the 19% rate'), the AMT and the tax credits (the 'non-refundable credits limited to 50% of the AMT'), and the AMT planning (the 'timing of the capital gains and the charitable donations to minimize the AMT').
Canada CRA Scams & Identity Protection Guide (Phishing, Fraud, CRA Phone Scams, SIN Protection)
the CRA scams and the identity protection in Canada — the CRA phone scams (the 'CRA scam calls' — the 'threatening calls' — the 'tax debt demands' — the 'CRA never calls to demand the immediate payment'), the CRA email scams (the 'phishing emails' — the 'myCRA phishing' — the 'CRA does NOT send the emails with the links to the login pages'), the CRA text scams (the 'smishing' — the 'CRA text messages' — the 'CRA does NOT send the text messages'), the SIN (the Social Insurance Number) protection — the 'SIN fraud' — the 'SIN identity theft', the 'CRA My Account' protection (the 'secure login' — the 'two-factor authentication'), the 'credit monitoring' (the 'credit bureaus' — the 'Equifax, the TransUnion'), the 'fraud alert' (the 'fraud warning on the credit report'), the 'identity theft recovery' (the 'CRA identity theft report', the 'police report', the 'credit freeze'), and the 'CRA's identity fraud verification' (the 'CRA's identity verification process' — the 'CRA's security questions').
Canada Bankruptcy & Insolvency Tax Guide (Bankruptcy, Consumer Proposal, Tax Debt, CRA)
the bankruptcy and the insolvency tax rules in Canada — the bankruptcy and the tax debt (the CRA as the creditor, the 'proof of claim', the 'priority of the CRA' — the 'deemed trust' for the source deductions), the consumer proposal (the 'proposal to the creditors' — the 'debt settlement' — the 'CRA acceptance' of the proposal), the bankruptcy and the tax refunds (the 'bankruptcy tax refund' — the 'pre-bankruptcy refund' vs the 'post-bankruptcy refund'), the bankruptcy and the RRSP (the 'RRSP exemption' — the RRSP is generally protected from the bankruptcy), the bankruptcy and the TFSA (the 'TFSA exemption' — the TFSA may NOT be protected from the bankruptcy — the 'RRAP' — the 'Registered Retirement Savings Plan' vs the 'Tax-Free Savings Account' — the CRA's position), the bankruptcy and the capital losses (the 'capital loss carry-forward' — the 'bankruptcy loss restriction'), and the 'CRA debt forgiveness' (the 'voluntary disclosure' and the 'taxpayer relief' — the 'CRA interest and penalty relief').
Canada Bankruptcy Guide (Filing Process, Exemptions, Discharge, Credit Impact, Tax Debt)
the bankruptcy in Canada — the bankruptcy process (the 'filing for bankruptcy' — the 'assignment in bankruptcy' — the 'Licensed Insolvency Trustee'), the bankruptcy eligibility (the 'debt over $1,000' — the 'insolvent person' — the 'voluntary bankruptcy' — the 'involuntary bankruptcy'), the bankruptcy exemptions (the 'RRSP exemption' — the 'principal residence exemption' — the 'vehicle exemption' — the 'household goods exemption' — the 'provincial exemptions'), the bankruptcy discharge (the 'first-time bankrupt discharge at 9 months' — the 'second-time bankrupt at 24 months' — the 'third-time bankrupt at 36 months'), the bankruptcy and the tax debt (the 'CRA claim' — the 'deemed trust' — the 'tax refund'), the bankruptcy and the student loans (the 'student loan discharge after 7 years from the end of the studies'), the bankruptcy credit impact (the 'R9 rating' — the '6-year credit report' — the '7-year Equifax reporting'), and the bankruptcy costs (the 'trustee fee' — the 'filing fee' — the 'monthly payment' — the 'surplus income payment').
Canada Carbon Tax Guide (Federal Fuel Charge, OBPS, Industrial Emitters, Carbon Rebate)
the federal carbon tax in Canada — the 'fuel charge' (the 'carbon tax' on the fossil fuels — the 'federal carbon pricing' at $80 per tonne of the CO2 equivalent for the 2025 year, increasing to $170 per tonne by 2030), the 'federal backstop provinces' (the provinces where the federal fuel charge applies — Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, PEI, Newfoundland), the 'provincial carbon pricing' (the BC carbon tax, the Quebec cap-and-trade system), the 'Output-Based Pricing System (OBPS)' for the large industrial emitters (the 'carbon price for the industry' — the 'emissions performance standards'), the 'Climate Action Incentive Payment (CAIP)' (the 'carbon tax rebate' for the households), the 'carbon tax for the businesses' (the 'fuel charge on the natural gas, the propane, the gasoline, the diesel, the aviation fuel'), the 'carbon tax exemptions' (the 'farming and the fishing' — the 'agricultural fuels' — the 'greenhouse growers'), and the 'carbon tax phase-out' (the '2025 Conservative government proposal to repeal the carbon tax').
Canada Consumer Proposal Guide (Debt Settlement, LIT Process, Creditor Vote, CRA Acceptance)
the consumer proposal in Canada — the consumer proposal (the 'formal debt settlement under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act' — the 'offer to the creditors to pay a portion of the debt'), the consumer proposal process (the 'Licensed Insolvency Trustee' — the 'LIT' — the 'proposal preparation' — the 'creditor meeting' — the 'creditor vote'), the eligibility (the 'debt between $1,000 and $250,000 excluding the mortgage' — the 'individual debtor'), the proposal terms (the 'monthly payment' — the '5-year maximum term' — the 'interest-free debt'), the creditor vote (the 'majority in number and 2/3 in value' — the 'automatic deemed acceptance'), the CRA acceptance (the 'CRA policy' — the 'CRA acceptance of the standard proposal'), the consumer proposal vs bankruptcy (the 'no asset liquidation' — the 'less severe credit impact' — the 'R9 credit rating' — the '3 years after the completion'), the proposal completion (the 'certificate of full performance' — the 'debt discharge'), and the proposal annulment (the 'default on the proposal terms' — the 'creditor annulment').
Canada Cross-Border Tax Guide (US-Canada Treaty, Foreign Tax Credits, Cross-Border Investments)
the cross-border taxation between Canada and the US — the Canada-US Tax Convention (the 'US-Canada Treaty' — the '1980 Treaty' — the 'Article IV tie-breaker rules', the 'Article XXIX B savings clause', the 'Article XVIII RRSP rules'), the 'US foreign tax credits' (the 'FTCs — the Form 1116 for the Canadian taxes paid'), the 'Canadian foreign tax credits' (the 'FTCs — the Form T2209 for the US taxes paid'), the 'cross-border investments' (the 'US stocks, the US bonds, the US ETFs — the 'US withholding tax on the Canadian investors at 15%'), the 'cross-border real estate' (the 'US real estate owned by the Canadian residents' — the 'FIRPTA' — the 'Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act' — the '15% withholding on the US real estate sale'), the 'cross-border business' (the 'US permanent establishment' — the 'US branch tax', the 'cross-border payroll'), the 'cross-border inheritance' (the 'US estate tax for the Canadian residents'), and the 'cross-border reporting' (the 'FBAR, the Form 8938, the Form 3520 — the 'US reporting for the Canadian residents').
Canada Digital Services Tax Guide (DST, 3% Tax on Digital Services, 2024 Effective Date)
the Digital Services Tax (DST) in Canada — the 3% tax on the 'digital services revenue' of the large businesses (the 'in-scope revenue' from the 'online marketplace services', the 'online advertising', the 'social media platforms', the 'user data'), the $20 million Canadian revenue threshold and the $1.1 billion global revenue threshold, the 'DST effective date' (January 1, 2024 — the 'retroactive application' from January 1, 2022), the DST registration (the 'DST account' — the BN + the 'DT' program code), the DST return (the Form B600 — the 'Digital Services Tax Return'), the DST safe harbour (the 'DST exclusion for the small and the medium-sized businesses'), the DST and the international tax treaties (the 'OECD Pillar One' and the 'US-Canada trade concerns'), and the DST exemptions (the 'financial services', the 'intercompany transactions', the 'government services').
Canada Estate Planning Guide (Will, Probate, Deemed Disposition, Spousal Rollover, Trusts)
the estate planning in Canada — the will (the 'last will and testament' — the 'testamentary will', the 'holograph will'), the probate (the 'probate fees' — the Ontario Estate Administration Tax at 1.5% on the estate value above $50,000), the deemed disposition on the death (the 'terminal return' — the deemed sale of all the capital property at the fair market value), the spousal rollover (the 'tax-free transfer' of the assets to the surviving spouse — the 'spousal trust'), the 'alter ego trust' and the 'joint partner trust' (the 'trust planning' for the avoidance of the probate), the 'registered plan rollover' (the RRSP, the RRIF, the TFSA — the tax-free transfer to the spouse), the 'capital gains exemption' (the LGGE for the QSBC shares and the farm property), the 'estate freeze' (the corporate reorganization to freeze the value of the shares), the 'life insurance' in the estate planning (the 'tax-free death benefit'), the 'charitable donations at death' (the 'gifts by will' — the 100% donation limit on the terminal return), and the 'cross-border estate planning' (the US estate tax and the Canada-US treaty).
Canada Federal Budget Guide (Budget Process, Key Dates, Spending, Revenue, Tax Changes, Fiscal Policy)
the federal budget in Canada — the federal budget process (the 'Minister of Finance presents the budget' — the 'budget speech' — the 'budget implementation act'), the budget timeline (the 'budget in the March or the April' — the 'fall economic statement in the November'), the federal revenue sources (the 'personal income tax at 52% of the federal revenue', the 'corporate income tax at 17%', the 'GST/HST at 12%', the 'EI and the CPP premiums at 10%', the 'customs duties and the excise taxes'), the federal spending (the 'major transfers to the persons' — the 'OAS, the GIS, the EI, the CCB' — the 'health transfers to the provinces' — the 'Canada Health Transfer'), the federal deficit and the debt (the 'budget deficit' — the 'federal debt' — the 'debt-to-GDP ratio'), the budget tax measures (the 'personal tax changes', the 'corporate tax changes', the 'GST/HST changes', the 'fiscal policy announcements'), the budget implementation act (the 'Bill C — the budget implementation act — the BIA'), and the accessing the budget documents (the 'budget.gc.ca' — the 'Department of Finance Canada').
Canada Financial Literacy Guide (FCAC Programs, Financial Toolkit, Financial Basics, Financial Literacy Database)
the financial literacy in Canada — the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (the 'FCAC' — the 'federal financial literacy agency'), the Your Financial Toolkit (the 'free online learning program for the adults' — the 'FCAC Financial Toolkit'), the Financial Basics workshop (the 'money management workshop for the young adults'), the Canadian Financial Literacy Database (the 'itools-ioutils.fcac-acfc.gc.ca' — the 'one-stop source for the financial resources and the events'), the financial literacy self-assessment quiz (the 'FCAC Financial Literacy Self-Assessment Quiz'), the financial literacy month (the 'November is the Financial Literacy Month in Canada' — the 'FLM'), the national strategy for the financial literacy (the 'Make Change that Counts' — the '2019-2026 National Strategy for Financial Literacy'), and the financial literacy resources for the different groups (the 'seniors, the newcomers, the youth, the indigenous peoples, the persons with the disabilities').
Canada Foreign Income Guide (T1135, Foreign Property Reporting, Foreign Tax Credits, Offshore Assets)
the foreign income reporting in Canada — the T1135 (the 'Foreign Income Verification Statement') for the specified foreign property above $100,000 CAD (the 'foreign bank accounts, the foreign stocks, the foreign bonds, the foreign real estate, the foreign insurance policies'), the T1135 filing deadline (the 'April 30 deadline' — the 'income tax filing deadline'), the T1135 penalties (the 'late filing penalty' of $25 per day — up to $2,500, the 'failure to file' penalty of $500 to $2,500, the 'gross negligence' penalty of $2,500 to $25,000), the foreign tax credits (the 'FTCs — the Form T2209 for the federal FTCs, the Form T2036 for the provincial FTCs), the foreign investment income (the 'foreign interest, the foreign dividends, the foreign capital gains'), the foreign pension income (the 'foreign pensions' — the 'US Social Security, the UK State Pension, the French pension'), the foreign rental income (the 'foreign real estate' — the 'foreign rental property — the deduction for the foreign mortgage interest'), and the 'offshore assets' (the 'foreign trusts, the foreign corporations, the foreign partnerships' — the 'controlled foreign affiliate' — the 'CFC rules').
Canada Foreign Investment Guide (US Stocks, International Investing, Withholding Tax, Currency, Tax Reporting)
the foreign investment for the Canadian investors — the US stock investing (the 'US stocks from the Canadian brokerage' — the 'US dollar account' — the 'Norbert's gambit'), the foreign withholding tax (the 'US withholding tax at 15% for the Canadian investors' — the 'RRSP exemption from the US withholding tax' — the 'TFSA is NOT exempt'), the international investing (the 'developed markets — the EAFE' — the 'emerging markets' — the 'global ETFs'), the foreign exchange and the currency risk (the 'CAD/USD exchange rate' — the 'currency-hedged ETFs'), the foreign investment taxation (the 'foreign dividends — the gross income reported' — the 'foreign tax credit' — the 'foreign accrual property income — the FAPI'), the T1135 foreign property reporting (the 'foreign property over $100,000 CAD' — the 'T1135 form' — the 'specified foreign property'), the passive foreign investment company rules (the 'PFIC — the US mutual funds and the ETFs' — the 'the PFIC tax treatment for the Canadian investors'), and the cross-border investing for the US persons in Canada (the 'US citizens investing in Canada' — the 'PFIC trap for the US persons' — the 'Canadian ETFs for the US persons').
Canada Identity Theft & Fraud Protection Guide (Credit Card Fraud, Debit Card Fraud, Real Estate Fraud, Reporting)
the identity theft and the financial fraud protection in Canada — the identity theft (the 'SIN theft', the 'credit card fraud', the 'debit card fraud', the 'identity fraud'), the credit card fraud (the 'unauthorized transaction', the 'card-not-present fraud', the 'credit card skimming', the 'credit card theft'), the debit card fraud (the 'debit card skimming' — the 'PIN theft' — the 'unauthorized debit transaction'), the real estate fraud (the 'title fraud' — the 'mortgage fraud' — the 'property title theft'), the reporting fraud (the 'Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre' — the 'CAFC' — the '1-888-495-8501'), the credit freeze (the 'credit bureau freeze' — the 'Equifax freeze' — the 'TransUnion freeze'), the fraud alert (the 'credit bureau fraud alert' — the '90-day alert' — the 'extended alert'), and the identity theft recovery (the 'police report' — the 'credit bureau notification' — the 'CRA notification' — the 'bank notification').
Canada Income Splitting Guide (TOSI, Kiddie Tax, Attribution Rules, Prescribed Rate Loans)
the income splitting in Canada — the tax on the split income (TOSI) for the private corporation dividends, the 'kiddie tax' (the TOSI for the minors under 18 — the top marginal rate on the dividends and the capital gains), the attribution rules (the 'spousal attribution' — the income from the transferred property is attributed to the transferor, the 'minor attribution' — the income from the transferred property to the minors is attributed to the transferor), the prescribed rate loans (the 'income splitting through the loans' — the CRA prescribed rate of 5% for the Q3 2025), the family trusts (the 'family trust' — the trust for the income splitting among the family members), the pension income splitting (the Form T1032 for the RRIF income splitting), the CPP sharing (the 'CPP assignment' for the spouses 60+), and the 'reasonable compensation' for the family members in the business.
Canada Inheritance Tax Guide (No Inheritance Tax, Probate, Deemed Disposition, Beneficiary Taxation)
the inheritance tax in Canada — Canada does NOT have a separate inheritance tax or the estate tax, the 'deemed disposition' on death (the capital gains tax on the terminal return), the probate fees (the 'estate administration tax' — Ontario at 1.5% on the estate value above $50,000, BC at 1.4%, Quebec at the notarial fees), the 'spousal rollover' (the tax-free transfer to the spouse), the 'beneficiary taxation' (the inheritance is tax-free to the beneficiary — the beneficiary does NOT pay the tax on the inherited assets), the 'inheritance of the RRSP and the RRIF' (the RRSP/RRIF is taxed in the hands of the estate or the beneficiary if the beneficiary is NOT the spouse), the 'inheritance of the TFSA' (the TFSA is tax-free to the beneficiary if the spouse is the successor holder), the 'foreign inheritance' (the inheritance from the foreign country — the foreign estate tax, the US estate tax), and the 'inheritances from the US' (the US estate tax for the Canadian residents inheriting the US assets).
Canada Licensed Insolvency Trustee Guide (Find an LIT, Fees, Role, Consultation, Debt Solutions)
the Licensed Insolvency Trustees (LITs) in Canada — the LIT role (the 'licensed professional under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act' — the 'debt solution advisor'), the LIT services (the 'consumer proposal administration', the 'bankruptcy administration', the 'debt consulting', the 'financial counselling'), the LIT fees (the 'trustee fee from the proposal or the bankruptcy' — the 'initial consultation is free'), the finding an LIT (the 'OSB search tool' — the 'ic.gc.ca LIT search' — the 'LIT directory'), the LIT consultation (the 'free 1-hour consultation' — the 'debt assessment' — the 'document review'), the LIT vs credit counsellor (the 'LIT is the regulated professional' — the 'LIT can file the proposal and the bankruptcy' — the 'credit counsellor cannot'), the provincial LIT associations (the 'CAIRP' — the 'Canadian Association of Insolvency and Restructuring Professionals'), and the LIT complaint process (the 'OSB complaint' — the 'LIT complaint form' — the 'Superintendent of Bankruptcy').
Canada Luxury Tax Guide (Select Luxury Items Tax, Cars, Boats, Aircraft, 2022-2025 Rules)
the Select Luxury Items Tax (the 'luxury tax') in Canada — the 10% luxury tax on the luxury vehicles (the 'luxury cars' — the cars and the SUVs with the retail price above $100,000), the 10% luxury tax on the luxury boats (the 'luxury vessels' — the boats with the retail price above $250,000), the 10% luxury tax on the luxury aircraft (the 'luxury aircraft' — the aircraft with the retail price above $100,000), the 'luxury tax registration' (the 'luxury tax account' — the 'BN + the LT program code'), the luxury tax return (the 'Form B500' — the 'Luxury Tax Return'), the luxury tax exemptions (the 'aircraft used for the public transportation', the 'commercial boats', the 'vehicles used for the emergency services'), the luxury tax effective date (September 1, 2022), and the luxury tax phase-out (the 'proposed repeal' — the 2024 Federal Budget proposed the 'repeal of the luxury tax' effective January 1, 2025).
Canada Marriage & Divorce Tax Guide (Spousal Support, Child Support, RRSP Split, Attribution)
the marriage and the divorce tax rules in Canada — the spousal support (the 'alimony' — the tax treatment of the spousal support: the payor deducts, the recipient includes), the child support (the 'child support' — the tax treatment: the payor does NOT deduct, the recipient does NOT include), the RRSP transfer on the marriage breakdown (the 'RRSP split' — the tax-free transfer of the RRSP between the spouses under the 'Division 6' of the ITA), the TFSA transfer on the marriage breakdown (the 'TFSA split' — the tax-free transfer of the TFSA between the spouses), the CPP credit splitting (the 'CPP division' — the 'credit splitting' for the CPP contributions during the marriage), the attribution rules on the marriage breakdown (the 'cessation of the spousal attribution' — the attribution ceases when the spouses are separated), the 'common-law partner' definition, the 'married vs common-law' tax differences, and the 'child care expenses' deduction for the separated parents.
Canada Pension Income Splitting Guide (Pension Credit Splitting, CPP Sharing, RRIF Splitting)
the pension income splitting in Canada — the pension income credit splitting (the Form T1032, the joint election for the pension income, 50% of the eligible pension income can be allocated to the spouse), the CPP/QPP sharing (the CPP assignment for the spouses aged 60+), the RRIF income splitting (the pension income splitting for the individuals aged 65+), the eligible pension income (the RRIF annuities, the superannuation payments, the foreign pension income), the tax benefits of the pension splitting (the reduction in the OAS clawback, the lower combined marginal rate), and the Quebec pension income splitting rules.
Quebec Tax Guide (Revenu Quebec, Provincial Income Tax, QST, Provincial Tax Credits)
the Quebec tax system — Revenu Quebec (the 'Quebec tax authority' — the 'Agence du revenu du Quebec' — the 'ARQ'), the Quebec personal income tax at 14% to 25.75% (the 'Quebec tax brackets' for the 2025 year), the Quebec Sales Tax (the 'QST' — the 'Taxe de vente du Quebec' at 9.5%, applied to the price including the GST), the Quebec Pension Plan (the 'QPP' — the 'Regime de rentes du Quebec' at 6.4% employee + 6.4% employer), the Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (the 'QPIP' — the 'Regime quebecois d'assurance parentale' at 0.494% employee + 0.692% employer), the Quebec Health Services Fund (the 'HSF' — the 'Fonds des services de sante' at up to 4.26% of the payroll), the Quebec tax credits (the 'solidarity tax credit', the 'child care expense credit', the 'Quebec work premium', the 'Quebec age credit'), the Quebec tax return (the 'TP-1' — the 'Quebec income tax return' — the separate return from the federal T1), the Quebec corporate tax (the 'Quebec corporate tax rate' at 11.5% general and 3% small business), and the Quebec-specific rules (the 'Quebec business registry', the 'Registraire des entreprises', the 'Quebec civil code').
Canada Tax Audit & Appeals Guide (CRA Audit, Notice of Assessment, Objection, Tax Court)
the CRA audit and the appeals process in Canada — the CRA audit (the 'desk audit' and the 'field audit', the 'books and records' requirements, the 'audit notice' — the 'CRA audit letter'), the Notice of Assessment (the NOA — the 'initial assessment'), the Notice of Reassessment (the 'reassessment' within the 'normal reassessment period' of 3 years, the 'extended reassessment period' of 4 years for the 'misrepresentation'), the Notice of Objection (the 'objection to the CRA's assessment' — the Form T400A, the '90-day objection deadline'), the Tax Court of Canada (the 'appeal to the Tax Court' — the 'informal procedure' for the disputes under $25,000, the 'general procedure' for the disputes above $25,000), the Voluntary Disclosures Program (the VDP — the 'no-penalty' treatment for the voluntary corrections), the Taxpayer Relief (the 'CRA relief' for the interest and the penalties — the 'taxpayer relief application' — the Form RC4288), and the 'CRA audit and the appeal statistics' (the 'CRA audit rate' of 1% to 3% for the individuals, the 'appeal success rate' of 50%+ for the taxpayers).
Canada CRA Debt Collection Guide (Tax Debt, Payment Plans, CRA Set-Off, Garnishment)
the CRA debt collection in Canada — the CRA's collection powers (the 'set-off' — the 'tax refund offset', the 'garnishment' — the 'third-party demand' — the 'CRA garnishment letter', the 'legal action' — the 'filing of the certificate in the Federal Court'), the CRA payment plans (the 'payment arrangement' — the 'CRA payment agreement' — the 'monthly instalment plan', the 'pre-authorized debit' — the 'PAD'), the CRA interest on the tax debt (the 'prescribed rate' + 4% — the 'compound daily interest'), the CRA penalties (the 'late filing penalty' at 5% + 1% per month, the 'late payment penalty' at the 5% + 1% rate), the CRA 'set-off' (the 'CRA can offset the tax refund against the tax debt' — the 'automatic set-off'), the 'taxpayer relief' for the tax debt (the 'Form RC4288' — the 'waiver of the interest and the penalties'), the 'CRA debt forgiveness' (the 'CRA rarely forgives the tax debt'), and the 'bankruptcy and the tax debt' (the 'CRA debt in the bankruptcy').