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Brazil Crypto Tax Guide

Brazil cryptocurrency taxation for 2026. The guide covers: the crypto gains taxed as capital gains at 15% to 22.5% on the monthly crypto sales (the "alienação de criptoativos") exceeding R$ 35,000; the exchange reporting to the RFB — the crypto exchanges operating in Brazil must report all transactions to the Receita Federal do Brasil under the IN 1888/2019; the crypto classified as 'goods' (mercadoria) for the tax purposes — the crypto assets are treated as the "goods" (the "bens") rather than the currency; and the mining income treated as the self-employment income — the crypto mining income is subject to the IRPF at the progressive rates of 0% to 27.5%.

Crypto Gains — Capital Gains Tax (15% to 22.5%)

  • Monthly sales threshold — R$ 35,000: The capital gains tax on the crypto sales applies only when the total monthly sales of the crypto assets (the "alienação total no mês") exceeds R$ 35,000. If the total monthly sales are R$ 35,000 or less, the capital gain is tax-exempt (the "isenção"). The R$ 35,000 threshold applies to the aggregate sales of all crypto assets in a calendar month.
  • Progressive rates — 15% to 22.5%: The capital gains on the crypto sales above R$ 35,000/month are taxed at the progressive rates: (a) 15% on the gains up to R$ 5 million cumulative, (b) 17.5% on the gains from R$ 5 million to R$ 10 million cumulative, (c) 20% on the gains from R$ 10 million to R$ 30 million cumulative, (d) 22.5% on the gains above R$ 30 million cumulative. The cumulative gain is measured over the lifetime of the taxpayer's crypto trading activity.
  • Cost basis — average acquisition cost: The capital gain is calculated as the "sale proceeds minus the cost basis". The cost basis is calculated using the weighted average acquisition cost (the "custo médio ponderado") of the same type of crypto asset. For example, if the taxpayer buys 1 BTC for R$ 200,000 and later sells 0.5 BTC for R$ 150,000, the cost basis is R$ 100,000 (0.5 × R$ 200,000), and the gain is R$ 50,000.
  • Tax payment — monthly via GCAP: The capital gains tax on the crypto sales must be calculated and paid monthly by the taxpayer using the "GCAP" (the "Programa de Apuração dos Ganhos de Capital") — the official RFB software for the capital gains calculation. The tax must be paid by the last business day of the following month.

Exchange Reporting to the RFB (IN 1888/2019)

  • Mandatory reporting by the exchanges: All crypto exchanges operating in Brazil must report the transactions to the Receita Federal do Brasil (RFB) under the "Instrução Normativa RFB 1888/2019". The reporting includes: (a) the monthly transactions by each customer, (b) the type and the quantity of the crypto assets traded, (c) the transaction values in BRL, (d) the customer identification (the CPF or the CNPJ).
  • Reporting thresholds: The exchanges must report the transactions exceeding R$ 30,000 in a single month per customer. The individual taxpayers must self-report the transactions: (a) above R$ 30,000/month on the foreign exchanges (the "exchanges no exterior"), (b) any amount if the transaction is with the other individuals (the "peer-to-peer" — P2P).
  • Monthly self-reporting by the individual: The individual taxpayer must file the monthly "Declaração de Operações com Criptoativos" using the "Coleta de Criptoativos" application on the e-CAC portal if: (a) the monthly transactions on the foreign exchanges exceed R$ 30,000, or (b) the monthly P2P transactions exceed R$ 30,000. The deadline is the last business day of the following month.

Crypto Classified as 'Goods' (Mercadoria) — Tax Treatment

  • Treated as goods (bens): The RFB has confirmed that the crypto assets (the "criptoativos") are treated as the "goods" (the "bens" or the "mercadoria") for the tax purposes — NOT as the "currency" (the "moeda") or the "financial asset" (the "ativo financeiro"). This classification means the crypto transactions are subject to the capital gains tax rules applicable to the "alienação de bens" (the "disposal of goods").
  • No GST/VAT on crypto trading: The crypto trading is generally exempt from the ICMS (the "state VAT") and the ISS (the "municipal service tax"). However, the crypto-related services (the "consulting, the wallet services, the mining pool fees") may be subject to the ISS at the rate of 2% to 5% depending on the municipality.
  • No IOF on crypto: The IOF (the "Imposto sobre Operações Financeiras") at 0.38% applies to the foreign exchange conversion (BRL to foreign currency and vice versa) but does NOT apply directly to the crypto transactions.

Mining Income — Self-Employment Treatment

  • Mining income — self-employment income: The crypto mining income (the "mineração de criptoativos") is treated as the "self-employment income" (the "rendimento de trabalho autônomo") by the RFB. The mining income is subject to the IRPF at the progressive rates of 0% to 27.5% and must be reported on the annual IRPF return as the "rendimentos tributáveis".
  • Mining expenses deductible: The miner may deduct the reasonable mining expenses (the "despesas da mineração") from the gross mining income, including: (a) the electricity costs, (b) the equipment depreciation, (c) the internet and the rent costs, (d) the mining pool fees. The net mining income (after the expenses) is the taxable amount.
  • Business registration for commercial mining: The commercial-scale miner (the "minerador comercial" — the miner with the industrial-scale operation) must register as the business (the "pessoa jurídica") and is subject to the corporate income tax (IRPJ/CSLL) at approximately 34% under the Lucro Real or the Lucro Presumido regime.

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